37It is apparent from the expression ‘refuse to recognise’ that that provision provides not merely a possibility but an obligation (see, to that effect, judgments of 26 April 2012, Hofmann, C‑419/10, EU:C:2012:240, paragraph 53, and of 21 May 2015, Wittmann, C‑339/14, EU:C:2015:333, paragraph 24).
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