86According to Article 41(2)(a) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the right to good administration includes the right of every person to be heard before any individual measure which would affect him or her adversely is taken. Respect for the right to be heard is, in all proceedings initiated against a person which are liable to culminate in a measure adversely affecting that person, a fundamental principle of EU law which must be guaranteed even in the absence of rules governing the proceedings in question. That principle requires that the addressees of decisions which significantly affect their interests should be placed in a position in which they can effectively make known their views on the accusation made against them forming the basis of the contested measure (see, to that effect, judgments of 21 September 2000, Mediocurso v Commission, C‑462/98 P, EU:C:2000:480, paragraphs 36 and 43, and of 1 October 2009, Foshan Shunde Yongjian Housewares and Hardware v Council, C‑141/08 P, EU:C:2009:598, paragraph 83).
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