161According to settled case-law regarding claims for compensation in staff cases, the European Union may incur non-contractual liability only if a number of conditions are fulfilled, namely: (i) the institution’s conduct must be unlawful, (ii) actual damage must have been suffered, and (iii) there must be a causal link between the conduct and the damage alleged (see judgment of 15 September 2005, Casini v Commission, T‑132/03, EU:T:2005:324, paragraph 94 and the case-law cited; judgments of 4 July 2006, Tzirani v Commission, T‑88/04, EU:T:2006:186, paragraph 100, and of 26 October 2017, Paraskevaidis v Cedefop, T‑601/16, EU:T:2017:757, paragraph 78). Those three conditions are cumulative, which means that if one of them is not satisfied, the European Union cannot be held liable (see judgment of 29 November 2018, WL v ERCEA, T‑493/17, not published, EU:T:2018:852, paragraph 207 and the case-law cited).
Source: EUR-Lex, © European Union, 1998-2026. Reuse authorised under Decision 2011/833/EU.