54In that regard, it must be recalled, as a preliminary point, that Clause 5(1) of the framework agreement requires Member States, in order to prevent the abuse of successive fixed-term employment contracts or relationships, to adopt one or more of the measures listed in a manner that is effective and binding, where domestic law does not include equivalent legal measures. The measures listed in Clause 5(1)(a) to (c), of which there are three, relate, respectively, to objective reasons justifying the renewal of such employment contracts or relationships, the maximum total duration of those employment contracts or relationships, and the number of renewals of such contracts or relationships (judgment of 19 March 2020, Sánchez Ruiz and Others, C‑103/18 and C‑429/18, EU:C:2020:219, paragraph 83 and the case-law cited).
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