88As regards, in particular, the Italian Republic’s argument that European transport policies contributed to the exceedance of the limit values for PM10 in Italy, in particular since they did not take account of the nitrogen dioxide emissions actually produced by vehicles, especially diesel vehicles, it must be noted that the present action for failure to fulfil obligations relates to concentration levels of PM10 and not of nitrogen dioxide. Furthermore, as the Court has previously held, in addition to the fact that motor vehicles subject to the standards laid down in Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information (OJ 2007 L 171, p. 1) are not the only cause of emissions of nitrogen dioxide, or of PM10 particulate matter, EU rules applicable to type approval of motor vehicles cannot exempt Member States from their obligation to comply with the limit values established by Directive 2008/50 on the basis of the scientific knowledge and experience of the Member States so as to reflect the level deemed appropriate by the European Union and the Member States in order to avoid, prevent or reduce the harmful effects of air pollutants on human health and the environment as a whole (see, to that effect, judgment of 24 October 2019, Commission v France (Exceedance of limit values for nitrogen dioxide), C‑636/18, EU:C:2019:900, paragraph 48).
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