75In those circumstances, it cannot be sufficient, in order to prevent a finding of systematic and persistent failure to comply with the provisions of Article 13 of, in conjunction with Annex XI to, Directive 2008/50, that the limit values referred to therein were not exceeded for certain years during the period covered by the action. Indeed, as is apparent from the very definition of ‘limit value’ in Article 2(5) of Directive 2008/50, that value must, in order to avoid, prevent or reduce harmful effects on human health and/or the environment as a whole, be attained within a given time limit and not be exceeded once attained. As regards the present action, the Italian Republic should have complied with the limit values laid down in those provisions from 1 January 2008.
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