34The exercise of public powers by one of the parties to the case, because it exercises powers falling outside the scope of the ordinary legal rules applicable to relationships between private individuals, excludes such a case from ‘civil and commercial matters’ within the meaning of Article 1(1) of Regulation No 44/2001 (judgment of 28 April 2009, Apostolides, C‑420/07, EU:C:2009:271, paragraph 44 and the case-law cited).
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