25In addition, it must be borne in mind that Regulation No 44/2001 is applicable not only where the dispute concerns several Member States, but also where it concerns a single Member State if there is an international element because of the involvement of a third State. That situation is such as to raise questions relating to the determination of international jurisdiction (see, to that effect, judgments of 1 March 2005, Owusu, C‑281/02, EU:C:2005:120, paragraphs 24 to 27, and of 17 March 2016, Taser International, C‑175/15, EU:C:2016:176, paragraph 20).
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