46Third, reference should be made to the presumption of innocence, which is enshrined in Article 48 of the Charter. That presumption applies where determinations are made as to objective elements constituting an infringement of EU law, and may lead to the imposition of administrative sanctions of a criminal nature (see, to that effect, judgment of 23 December 2009, Spector Photo Group and Van Raemdonck, C‑45/08, EU:C:2009:806, paragraphs 42 and 44).
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