51According to Articles 1(1) and 3(1) of Directive 93/13, that directive applies to the terms of contracts concluded between a seller or supplier and a consumer which have not been individually negotiated (judgments of 9 September 2004, Commission v Spain, C‑70/03, EU:C:2004:505, paragraph 31, and of 9 November 2010, VB Pénzügyi Lízing, C‑137/08, EU:C:2010:659, paragraph 50, and order of 14 September 2016, Dumitraș, C‑534/15, EU:C:2016:700, paragraph 25 and the case-law cited).
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