58According the Court’s settled case-law, as is apparent from the 13th recital of Directive 93/13, the exclusion provided for in Article 1(2) thereof extends to provisions of national law that apply between the parties to the contract independently of their choice and to provisions that apply by default, that is to say, in the absence of other arrangements established by the parties in that regard, and to contractual terms reflecting those provisions (see, to that effect, judgments of 21 March 2013, RWE Vertrieb, C‑92/11, EU:C:2013:180, paragraph 26; of 30 April 2014, Barclays Bank, C‑280/13, EU:C:2014:279, paragraphs 30, 31 and 42; and order of 7 December 2017, Woonhaven Antwerpen, C‑446/17, not published, EU:C:2017:954, paragraph 25).
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