23As regards the rule of special jurisdiction provided for in Article 7(1)(a) of Regulation No 1215/2012, the Court has held that the conclusion of a contract is not a condition for the application of that provision (judgments of 28 January 2015, Kolassa, C‑375/13, EU:C:2015:37, paragraph 38, and of 21 April 2016, Austro-Mechana, C‑572/14, EU:C:2016:286, paragraph 34).
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