57That interpretation is supported by the fact that the EU trade mark courts of the Member State where the consumers or traders, to whom such advertising and offers for sale are directed are resident, are particularly suited to assessing whether the alleged infringement exists. In paragraphs 28 and 29 of the judgment of 19 April 2012, Wintersteiger (C‑523/10, EU:C:2012:220), the Court took account of that factor of proximity, interpreting the wording ‘the place where the harmful event occurred’, in Article 5(3) of Regulation No 44/2001, as meaning that the proprietor of a national mark may bring an infringement action before the courts of the Member State in which the national mark is registered, since those courts are, having regard to the criteria for assessing infringement established in the judgments of 23 March 2010, Google France and Google (C‑236/08 to C‑238/08, EU:C:2010:159), and of 12 July 2011, L’Oréal and Others (C‑324/09, EU:C:2011:474), best able to assess whether the mark has been infringed. The courts of the place where the harmful event occurred are particularly suited to giving a ruling by reason of proximity and ease of taking evidence (judgment of 17 October 2017, Bolagsupplysningen and Ilsjan, C‑194/16, EU:C:2017:766, paragraph 27 and the case‑law cited).
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