46First of all, it should be noted, as the Commission did in recital 40 of the contested decision, that, according to the case-law, the concept of an undertaking encompasses every entity engaged in an economic activity, regardless of the legal status of the entity and the way in which it is financed. In that regard, any activity consisting in offering goods and services on a given market is an economic activity (judgment of 12 September 2000, Pavlov and Others, C‑180/98 to C‑184/98, EU:C:2000:428, paragraphs 74 and 75; see, also, to that effect, judgments of 16 June 1987, Commission v Italy, 118/85, EU:C:1987:283, paragraph 7, and of 23 April 1991, Höfner and Elser, C‑41/90, EU:C:1991:161, paragraph 21).
Source: EUR-Lex, © European Union, 1998-2026. Reuse authorised under Decision 2011/833/EU.