107As a preliminary point, it should be recalled that, in each case, it is for the Court to determine, in the light of the circumstances of the case before it and according to the degree of persuasion and deterrence which appears to it to be required, the financial penalties appropriate, in particular, for preventing the recurrence of similar infringements of EU law (judgment of 31 May 2018, Commission v Italy, C‑251/17, not published, EU:C:2018:358, paragraph 63).
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