40It is important, moreover, to point out that, unlike, in particular, the cases which gave rise to the judgments of 4 September 2014, Vnuk (C‑162/13, EU:C:2014:2146), of 28 November 2017, Rodrigues de Andrade (C‑514/16, EU:C:2017:908), and of 20 December 2017, Núñez Torreiro (C‑334/16, EU:C:2017:1007), in which, as regards motor vehicles for which civil liability insurance had been taken out in respect of their use, the Court of Justice was called upon to specify the situations in which use of the insured vehicle falls within the scope of the insurance cover thus taken out, the main proceedings concern the separate issue of the scope of the obligation to take out such insurance which must, for reasons of legal certainty, be determined in advance, that is, before any involvement of the vehicle concerned in an accident.
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