101In accordance with Article 10a(1) of Directive 2003/87, the Commission established, by Decision 2011/278, harmonised EU-wide rules for the free allocation of emission allowances. Those harmonised rules give concrete expression to the essential requirement that distortions of competition in the internal market be minimised (judgments of 22 June 2016, DK Recycling und Roheisen v Commission, C‑540/14 P, EU:C:2016:469, paragraph 53; of 18 January 2018, INEOS, C‑58/17, EU:C:2018:19, paragraph 26; and of 22 February 2018, INEOS Köln, C‑572/16, EU:C:2018:100, paragraph 30).
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