61In that regard, it should be noted that the Procedures Directive distinguishes between the ‘determining authority’, on the one hand, which it defines in Article 2(f) as ‘any quasi-judicial or administrative body in a Member State responsible for examining applications for international protection competent to take decisions at first instance in such cases’, and the ‘court or tribunal’, on the other hand, which is referred to in Article 46 and is responsible for appeals procedures. Furthermore, it follows from recitals 16 and 22, Article 4 and the general scheme of that directive that the examination of the application for international protection by an administrative or quasi-judicial body with specific resources and specialised staff in this area is a vital stage of the common procedures established by that directive (judgment of 25 July 2018, Alheto, C‑585/16, EU:C:2018:584, paragraphs 103 and 116).
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