Judgment_paragraph 55 · Appeals – Actions for damages – Second paragraph of Article 340 TFEU – Excessive length of the proceedings in a case before the General Court of the European Union – Compensation for the damage allegedly sustained by the applicant – Concept of a ‘single undertaking’ not applied – Material damage – Bank guarantee costs – Causal link – Loss of profit – Non-pecuniary damage – Liability of the European Union for damage caused by infringements of EU law arising from a decision of the General Court – No incurring of liability (C-447/17 P, C-479/17 P)

55As regards that decision, it should be recalled that, as the Court has previously stated, under the first paragraph of Article 266 TFEU the institution whose act has been declared void must take the necessary measures to comply with the judgment in question. That entails, inter alia, the payment of sums due, the recovery of amounts paid but not owed and the payment of default interest. In that context, the Court has explained that payment of such interest constitutes a measure giving effect to a judgment annulling a measure, for the purposes of the first paragraph of Article 266 TFEU, in that it is designed to compensate at a standard rate for the loss of enjoyment of the monies owed and to encourage the debtor to comply with that judgment as soon as possible (see judgment of 12 February 2015, Commission v IPK International, C‑336/13 P, EU:C:2015:83, paragraphs 29 and 30).