55As to the requirements that follow from the principle that offences and penalties must be defined by law, it must be observed, in the first place, that the European Court of Human Rights has held in relation to Article 7(1) of the ECHR that, under that principle, provisions of criminal law must comply with certain requirements of accessibility and foreseeability, as regards both the definition of the offence and the determination of the penalty (see ECtHR, 15 November 1996, Cantoni v. France, CE:ECHR:1996:1115JUD001786291, § 29; ECtHR, 7 February 2002, E.K. v. Turkey, CE:ECHR:2002:0207JUD002849695, § 51; ECtHR, 29 March 2006, Achour v. France, CE:ECHR:2006:0329JUD006733501, § 41; and ECtHR, 20 September 2011, OAO Neftyanaya Kompaniya Yukos v. Russia, CE:ECHR:2011:0920JUD001490204, §§ 567 to 570).
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