16It follows that, subject to the exceptions and limitations laid down exhaustively in Article 5 of Directive 2001/29, any use of a work carried out by a third party without such prior consent must be regarded as infringing the copyright in that work (judgment of 16 November 2016, Soulier and Doke, C‑301/15, EU:C:2016:878, paragraph 34 and the case-law cited).
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