42Moreover, in so far as it is a derogation from the fundamental principle of the free movement of capital, the standstill clause in Article 64(1) TFEU must be interpreted strictly. Similarly, the conditions that national legislation must fulfil in order to be regarded as ‘existing’ on 31 December 1993, notwithstanding an amendment to national law after that date, must also be interpreted strictly (see, to that effect, judgment of 20 September 2018, EV, C‑685/16, EU:C:2018:743, paragraphs 80 and 81).
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