43Accordingly, even a clear, precise and unconditional provision of a directive seeking to confer rights on or impose obligations on individuals cannot of itself apply in a dispute exclusively between private persons (judgments of 5 October 2004, Pfeiffer and Others, C‑397/01 to C‑403/01, EU:C:2004:584, paragraph 109; of 24 January 2012, Dominguez, C‑282/10, EU:C:2012:33, paragraph 42; and of 15 January 2014, Association de médiation sociale, C‑176/12, EU:C:2014:2, paragraph 36).
Source: EUR-Lex, © European Union, 1998-2026. Reuse authorised under Decision 2011/833/EU.