41Such a limitation of the ne bis in idem principle may however be justified on the basis of Article 52(1) of the Charter (see, to that effect, judgments of 27 May 2014, Spasic, C‑129/14 PPU, EU:C:2014:586, paragraphs 55 and 56; of 20 March 2018, Menci, C‑524/15, EU:C:2018:197, paragraph 40, and of 20 March 2018, Garlsson Real Estate, C‑537/16, EU:C:2018:193, paragraph 42).
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