45As regards the principle of proportionality, it requires that measures adopted by EU institutions do not exceed the limits of what is appropriate and necessary in order to attain the objectives legitimately pursued by the legislation in question; where there is a choice between several appropriate measures, recourse must be had to the least onerous, and the disadvantages caused must not be disproportionate to the aims pursued (see, to that effect, judgments of 16 December 1999, UDL, C‑101/98, EU:C:1999:615, paragraph 30, and of 17 March 2011, AJD Tuna, C‑221/09, EU:C:2011:153, paragraph 79 and the case-law cited).
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