37It must be stated that no such time limit has been provided for transposing Directive 2004/18 into national law. Romania therefore had to comply with that directive as from its accession to the European Union in accordance with the principle that the provisions of EU law apply ab initio and in toto to new Member States (see, to that effect, judgment of 3 December 1998, KappAhl, C‑233/97, EU:C:1998:585, paragraph 15).
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