28To that end, Article 3(1) of Framework Decision 2008/675, read in the light of recital 5, obliges Member States to ensure that, when such criminal proceedings are brought, previous convictions handed down in other Member States, in respect of which information has been obtained under applicable instruments on mutual legal assistance or on the exchange of information extracted from criminal records, are taken into account to the extent that previous national convictions are taken into account under national law, and that the legal effects attached to them are equivalent to those attached to previous national convictions, in accordance with national law, whether in relation to questions of fact or questions of substantive or procedural law (judgment of 21 September 2017, Beshkov, C‑171/16, EU:C:2017:710, paragraph 26).
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