32According to settled case-law, any EU national who, irrespective of his place of residence and his nationality, has exercised the right to freedom of movement for workers and who has been employed in a Member State other than that of residence falls within the scope of Article 45 TFEU (judgments of 12 December 2002, de Groot, C‑385/00, EU:C:2002:750, paragraph 76; of 2 October 2003, van Lent, C‑232/01, EU:C:2003:535, paragraph 14; of 13 November 2003, Schilling and Fleck-Schilling, C‑209/01, EU:C:2003:610, paragraph 23, and of 16 February 2006, Öberg, C‑185/04, EU:C:2006:107, paragraph 11).
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