28The Court has already recognised implicitly that rates charged by a copyright management organisation that holds a monopoly are capable of affecting cross-border trade, with the result that Article 102 TFEU is applicable to such a situation (see, to that effect, judgments of 13 July 1989, Tournier, 395/87, EU:C:1989:319; of 13 July 1989, Lucazeau and Others, 110/88, 241/88 and 242/88, EU:C:1989:326; and of 27 February 2014, OSA, C‑351/12, EU:C:2014:110).
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