29For the purpose of categorising a national measure as State aid, it is necessary, not to establish that the aid has a real effect on trade between the Member States and that competition is actually being distorted, but only to examine whether that aid is liable to affect such trade and distort competition (judgments of 30 April 2009, Commission v Italy and Wam, C‑494/06 P, EU:C:2009:272, paragraph 50, and of 26 October 2016, Orange v Commission, C‑211/15 P, EU:C:2016:798, paragraph 64).
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