48As regards, in the second place, the principle of proportionality, it is clear from settled case-law that, in the absence of harmonisation of EU legislation in the field of sanctions applicable where conditions laid down by arrangements under that legislation are not complied with, Member States are empowered to choose the sanctions which seem to them to be appropriate. They must, however, exercise their powers in accordance with EU law and its general principles, and, consequently, in accordance with the principle of proportionality (see, inter alia, judgment of 29 July 2010 in Profaktor Kulesza, Frankowski, Jóźwiak, Orłowski, C‑188/09, EU:C:2010:454, paragraph 29).
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