43Furthermore, the Court has held that Member States are required to comply with the principle of proportionality not only as regards the determination of factors constituting an infringement and the determination of the rules concerning the severity of fines, but also as regards the assessment of the factors which may be taken into account in the fixing of a fine (judgment of 19 October 2016, EL-EM-2001, C‑501/14, EU:C:2016:777, paragraph 41).
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