30In that regard, it must be observed, first of all, that the protection conferred by those provisions on authors must be given a broad interpretation (judgments of 16 July 2009, Infopaq International, C‑5/08, EU:C:2009:465, paragraph 43, and of 1 December 2011, Painer, C‑145/10, EU:C:2011:798, paragraph 96).
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