23In recital 42 of the contested decision, the Commission goes on to state that, in some cases, the exporter had submitted either non-preferential certificates of origin issued by the Chambers of Commerce of Spain and France at the same time as certificates of origin EUR.1 not issued by the customs authorities of the European Union relating to the Partnership Agreement between the members of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States of the one part, and the European Community and its Member States, of the other part, signed in Cotonou on 23 June 2000 (OJ 2000 L 317, p. 3), and approved on behalf of the Community by Council Decision 2003/159/EC of 19 December 2002 (OJ 2003 L 65, p. 27, ‘the ACP Agreement’), or certificates of origin EUR.1 issued by the authorities of the Seychelles at the same time as certificates of origin Form A issued by the authorities of Panama. By submitting certificates of origin from which the origin of the tuna could not be ascertained, the person liable infringed the provisions relating to the customs declaration and the applicable rules of origin.