42Moreover, in the light of the long delay between the adoption, on 5 June 2002, of Decision 2003/193, by which the Commission requested the recovery of the State aid at issue in the main proceedings, and the issue, in 2009, of the tax assessment designed to ensure the effective recovery of that aid, it must be considered that the application of compound interest is a particularly appropriate means of neutralising the competitive advantage granted unlawfully to undertakings benefitting from that State aid.
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