30It is only in its Communication on the interest rates to be applied when aid granted unlawfully is being recovered, published on 8 May 2003, that the Commission expressly stated that it would apply a compound interest rate in any decision ordering the recovery of unlawful aid that it might adopt in the future (judgment in Commission v Département du Loiret, C‑295/07, EU:C:2008:707, paragraph 46) and that it expected the Member States to apply compound interest during the execution of recovery decisions.
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