98For this purpose, proceedings concerning State aid may be brought before national courts, requiring them to interpret and apply the concept of ‘State aid’ in Article 107(1) TFEU, in particular in order to determine whether a measure introduced without observance of the preliminary examination procedure provided for in Article 108(3) EC ought to have been subject to this procedure (judgments of 18 July 2007, Lucchini, C‑119/05, EU:C:2007:434, paragraph 50 and case-law cited, as well as of 18 July 2013, P, C‑6/12, EU:C:2013:525, paragraph 38).
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