20At the outset, it should be noted that, even though, formally, the referring court has limited its questions to the interpretation of Article 18 TFEU and Article 20(2)(a) TFEU, such a situation does not prevent the Court from providing the referring court with all the elements of interpretation of European Union law which may be of assistance in adjudicating on the case before it, whether or not that court has specifically referred to them in the questions (see, to that effect, judgments in ING. AUER, C‑251/06, EU:C:2007:658, paragraph 38, and van Putten and Others, C‑578/10 to C‑580/10, EU:C:2012:246, paragraph 23).
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