16National courts may refer a question to the Court if there is a case pending before them and if they are called upon to give judgment in proceedings intended to lead to a decision of a judicial nature (judgments in Grillo Star Fallimento, C‑443/09, EU:C:2012:213, paragraph 21, and Torresi, C‑58/13 and C‑59/13, EU:C:2014:2088, paragraph 19) and the choice of the most appropriate time to refer a question for a preliminary ruling lies within their exclusive jurisdiction (see, to that effect, judgments in X, C‑60/02, EU:C:2004:10, paragraph 28, and AGM-COS.MET, C‑470/03, EU:C:2007:213, paragraph 45).
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