22It follows that Directive 2004/38 is not applicable to a situation such as that at issue in the main proceedings, as the Union citizen concerned has never made use of his right of freedom of movement and has always resided in the Member State of which he is a national (see judgment of 8 March 2011, Ruiz Zambrano, C‑34/09, EU:C:2011:124, paragraph 39). In so far as a Union citizen is not covered by the concept of ‘beneficiary’ for the purposes of Article 3(1) of Directive 2004/38, a member of his family is not covered by that concept either, given that the rights conferred by that directive on the family members of a beneficiary of the directive are not autonomous rights of those family members, but derived rights, acquired through their status as members of the beneficiary’s family (see judgments of 5 May 2011, McCarthy, C‑434/09, EU:C:2011:277, paragraph 42; of 15 November 2011, Dereci and Others, C‑256/11, EU:C:2011:734, paragraph 55; and of 8 May 2013, Ymeraga and Others, C‑87/12, EU:C:2013:291, paragraph 31).
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