34In that regard, as the Advocate General has observed in points 40 and 41 of his Opinion, in order to assess whether that employer-employee relationship exists, it is necessary to check whether the person concerned performs his activities in his own name, on his own behalf and under his own responsibility, and whether he bears the economic risk associated with carrying out those activities. In order to find that the activities at issue are independent, the Court has thus taken into account the complete absence of any employer-employee relationship between public authorities and operators who were not integrated into the public administration, as well as the fact that such operators acted on their own account and under their own responsibility, were free to arrange how they performed their work and themselves received the emoluments which made up their income (see, to that effect, judgments in Commission v Netherlands, 235/85, EU:C:1987:161, paragraph 14; Heerma, C‑23/98, EU:C:2000:46, paragraph 18; and van der Steen, C‑355/06, EU:C:2007:615, paragraphs 21 to 25).
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