33According to the settled case-law of the Court, the principles of legal certainty and protection of legitimate expectations must be respected by the EU institutions, but also by Member States in the exercise of the powers conferred on them by EU directives (see, to that effect, judgments in Gemeente Leusden and Holin Groep, C‑487/01 and C‑7/02, EU:C:2004:263, paragraph 57; ‘Goed Wonen’, C‑376/02, EU:C:2005:251, paragraph 32; and Elmeka NE, C‑181/04 to C‑183/04, EU:C:2006:563, paragraph 31).
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