58None the less, in order to establish failure to fulfil obligations under Article 6(2) of the Habitats Directive, the Commission does not have to establish the existence of a cause-and-effect relationship between the operation of installations resulting from a project and significant disturbance caused to the species concerned. It is sufficient for the Commission to establish that there is a probability or risk that that operation might cause such disturbances (see, to that effect, judgment in Commission v Spain, C‑404/09, EU:C:2011:768, paragraph 142 and the case-law cited).
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