54For the purpose of categorising a national measure as State aid, it is not necessary to establish that the aid has a real effect on trade between Member States and that competition is actually being distorted, it being necessary only to examine whether that aid is liable to affect such trade and distort competition (judgments in Italy v Commission, C‑372/97, EU:C:2004:234, paragraph 44, and Unicredito Italiano, C‑148/04, EU:C:2005:774, paragraph 54).
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