31Proceedings may be brought before the national courts requiring them to interpret and apply the concept of aid contained in Article 107(1) TFEU, in particular in order to determine whether State aid introduced without observance of the preliminary examination procedure provided for in Article 108(3) TFEU ought to have been subject to this procedure and, if appropriate, to verify whether the Member State concerned has complied with that obligation (see, to that effect, judgment in P, C‑6/12, EU:C:2013:525, paragraph 38 and the case-law cited).
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