Judgment_paragraph 54 · Groupement des cartes bancaires (CB) v European Commission (C-67/13 P)

54In addition, although the parties’ intention is not a necessary factor in determining whether an agreement between undertakings is restrictive, there is nothing prohibiting the competition authorities, the national courts or the Courts of the European Union from taking that factor into account (see judgment in Allianz Hungária Biztosító and Others (EU:C:2013:160), paragraph 37 and the case-law cited).