79Mere administrative practices, which by their nature are alterable at will by the authorities and are not given the appropriate publicity, cannot be regarded as constituting the proper fulfilment of obligations to transpose a directive. In the same way, an interpretation, by national courts, of the provisions of national law in accordance with those of a directive cannot in itself achieve the clarity and precision needed to meet the requirement of legal certainty (see, inter alia, judgment of 19 December 2013 in Commission v Poland, C‑281/11, EU:C:2013:855, paragraph 105 and the case-law cited).
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