149It should also be made clear that, contrary to what is maintained by the appellant, the foregoing case-law does not infringe the right to be presumed innocent that is guaranteed by Article 48(1) of the Charter or the principles of in dubio pro reo and nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege. The presumption that a parent company exercises decisive influence over its subsidiary when it holds all or almost all of the capital in the subsidiary does not lead to a presumption of guilt on the part of either one of those companies and therefore does not infringe either the right to be presumed innocent or the principle of in dubio pro reo. As regards the principle of nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege, it requires that the law give a clear definition of offences and the penalties which they attract. That requirement is satisfied where the person concerned is in a position to ascertain from the wording of the relevant provision and, if need be, with the assistance of the courts’ interpretation of it, what acts and omissions will make him criminally liable (judgment of 22 May 2008, Evonik Degussa v Commission, C‑266/06 P, not published, EU:C:2008:295, paragraph 39). The case-law of the Court of Justice set out in paragraphs 145 to 148 of the present judgment does not infringe that principle.
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