39It follows from the case-law that one of the aims pursued by Article 23(1)(c) of Regulation No 44/2001 is to ensure that there is real consent on the part of the persons concerned, so as to avoid jurisdiction clauses, incorporated in a contract by one party, going unnoticed (see, to that effect, judgments of 20 February 1997 in MSG, C‑106/95, EU:C:1997:70, paragraph 17, and of 16 March 1999 in Castelletti, C‑159/97, EU:C:1999:142, paragraph 19).
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