23As a preliminary point, it must be stated that, as regards the conditions for the validity of a jurisdiction clause, Article 23(1) of Regulation No 44/2001 sets out in substance the formal requirements and mentions only one substantive condition relating to the subject-matter of the clause, which must concern a particular legal relationship. Therefore, the wording of that provision does not indicate whether a jurisdiction clause may be transmitted, beyond the circle of the parties to a contract, to a third party, who is a party to a subsequent contract and successor, in whole or in part, to the rights and obligations of one of the parties to the initial contract (see, inter alia, judgment of 7 February 2013 in Refcomp, C‑543/10, EU:C:2013:62, paragraph 25).
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